September 11 2001 When Did Subway Operate Again
September 2021: Twenty years have now passed since the terrorist attacks of September xi, 2001. In the time since so, many people take heard the "truther" conspiracy theories about the autumn of the Twin Towers in New York City. But conspiracy theorists claiming an "within chore" didn't stop with the World Trade Heart.
When Popular Mechanics published our embrace story debunking 9/11 myths dorsum in March 2005, the editors also tackled the conspiracy theories nearly the attack on the Pentagon. That department of the written report follows.
At ix:37 a.m. on September xi, 51 minutes later on the first aeroplane hit the World Merchandise Centre, the Pentagon was similarly attacked. Though dozens of witnesses saw a Boeing 757 hit the building, conspiracy advocates insist in that location is bear witness that a missile or a dissimilar type of plane smashed into the Pentagon.
Big Aeroplane, Small Holes
CLAIM: Two holes were visible in the Pentagon immediately after the attack: a 75-human foot-wide entry hole in the building's exterior wall, and a xvi-foot-broad hole in Ring C, the Pentagon's middle ring. Conspiracy theorists claim both holes are far as well small to take been fabricated past a Boeing 757. "How does a airplane 125 [feet] wide and 155 [feet] long fit into a hole which is only 16 [feet] across?" asks reopen911.org, a website "defended to discovering the bottom line truth to what actually occurred on September xi, 2001."
The truth is of even less importance to French author Thierry Meyssan, whose groundless assertions are fodder for even mainstream European and Middle Eastern media.
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In his book The Big Prevarication, Meyssan concludes that the Pentagon was struck by a satellite-guided missile—part of an elaborate U.S. military machine coup. "This assault," he writes, "could only be committed by United States military personnel against other U.South. military personnel."
✅ Get the Facts: 9/xi Conspiracy Theories
FACT: When American Airlines Flight 77 hit the Pentagon's outside wall, Ring East, it created a pigsty approximately 75 feet wide, according to the American Society of Ceremonious Engineers' Pentagon Building Performance Written report.
The exterior facade complanate nigh twenty minutes later on impact, but ASCE based its measurements of the original pigsty on the number of first-floor support columns that were destroyed or damaged. Computer simulations confirmed the findings.
Why wasn't the hole as wide as a 757's nearly 125-foot wingspan? A crashing jet doesn't punch a cartoon-like outline of itself into a reinforced concrete building, says ASCE squad fellow member Mete Sozen, a professor of structural engineering at Purdue University.
In this case, one wing striking the ground; the other was sheared off by the force of the impact with the Pentagon's load-bearing columns, explains Sozen, who specializes in the behavior of concrete buildings. What was left of the aeroplane flowed into the structure in a state closer to a liquid than a solid mass. "If you expected the entire wing to cut into the building," Sozen tells Pop Mechanics, "it didn't happen."
The tidy hole in Band C was 12 feet wide—non 16 feet. ASCE concludes it was made by the jet'southward landing gear, not by the fuselage.
Intact Windows
Claim: Many Pentagon windows remained in one piece—fifty-fifty those simply higher up the indicate of touch on from the Boeing 757 rider aeroplane. Pentagonstrike.co.united kingdom, an online animation widely circulated in the United States and Europe, claims that photographs showing "intact windows" directly above the crash site prove "a missile" or "a craft much smaller than a 757" struck the Pentagon.
FACT: Some windows nearly the affect area did indeed survive the crash. But that'south what the windows were supposed to do—they're blast-resistant.
"A smash-resistant window must exist designed to resist a forcefulness significantly college than a hurricane that'due south hit instantaneously," says Ken Hays, executive vice president of Masonry Arts, the Bessemer, Alabama-based company that designed, manufactured and installed the Pentagon windows. Some were knocked out of the walls past the crash and the outer ring's afterward collapse. "They were non designed to receive wracking seismic force," Hays notes. "They were designed to accept in in pressure level from a blast event, which plainly they did: [Before the collapse] the blinds were still stacked neatly behind the window glass."
Flight 77 Droppings
Merits: Conspiracy theorists insist there was no aeroplane wreckage at the Pentagon. "In reality, a Boeing 757 was never found," claims pentagonstrike.co.uk, which asks the question, "What hit the Pentagon on 9/11?"
FACT: Blast expert Allyn E. Kilsheimer was the first structural engineer to arrive at the Pentagon after the crash and helped coordinate the emergency response. "It was absolutely a plane, and I'll tell you why," says Kilsheimer, CEO of KCE Structural Engineers PC in Washington, D.C. "I saw the marks of the aeroplane wing on the face up of the edifice. I picked upward parts of the plane with the airline markings on them. I held in my hand the tail section of the aeroplane, and I institute the black box." Kilsheimer's eyewitness account is backed up by photos of plane wreckage inside and outside the building. Kilsheimer adds: "I held parts of uniforms from crew members in my hands, including body parts. Okay?"
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Source: https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/a5659/debunking-911-myths-pentagon/
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